Category Archives: Virtualization

In computing, virtualization refers to the act of creating a virtual version of something, including virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources.

Kubernetes: containers, and the “lost” SIGTERM signals
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23 June 2024

We have an API service with Gunicorn in Kubernetes that periodically returns 502, 503, 504 errors. I started debugging it, and found a weird thing: there were no messages in the logs about the received SIGTERM, so I first went to deal with Kubernetes – why doesn’t it send it? The Issue So, here’s what… Read More: Kubernetes: containers, and the “lost” SIGTERM signals0 (0) »

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Kubernetes: monitoring Events with kubectl and Grafana Loki
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23 June 2024

In Kubernetes, in addition to metrics and logs from containers, we can get information about the operation of components using Kubernetes Events. Events usually store information about the status of Pods (creation, evict, kill, ready or not-ready status of pods), WorkerNodes (status of servers), Kubernetes Scheduler (inability to start a pod, etc.). Kubernetes Events types… Read More: Kubernetes: monitoring Events with kubectl and Grafana Loki0 (0) »

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AWS: Karpenter and SSH for Kubernetes WorkerNodes
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23 June 2024

We have an AWS EKS cluster with WorkerNodes/EC2 created with Karpenter. The process of creating the infrastructure, cluster, and launching Karpenter is described in previous posts: Terraform: Building EKS, part 1 – VPC, Subnets and Endpoints Terraform: Building EKS, part 2 – an EKS cluster, WorkerNodes, and IAM Terraform: Building EKS, part 3 – Karpenter… Read More: AWS: Karpenter and SSH for Kubernetes WorkerNodes0 (0) »

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Pritunl: launching a VPN in AWS on EC2 with Terraform
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23 June 2024

I’ve already written a little about Pritunl before – Pritunl: Running a VPN in Kubernetes. Let’s return to this topic again, but this time on EC2 in AWS, without Kubernetes. So, what we need to do is to run some kind of VPN service for the project to have access to Kubernetes APIs/Kubernetes WorkerNodes/AWS RDS/etc… Read More: Pritunl: launching a VPN in AWS on EC2 with Terraform0… »

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Helm: UPGRADE FAILED: another operation (install/upgrade/rollback) is in progress
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24 May 2024

Sometimes, when deploying Helm charts, the error “UPGRADE FAILED: another operation (install/upgrade/rollback) is in progress” may appear: It can occur because the previous deployment failed due to errors in the chart, or the connection between the build machine and the Kubernetes cluster was lost. Check the release status with ls –all: $ helm -n dev-backend-api-ns… Read More: Helm: UPGRADE FAILED: another operation (install/upgrade/rollback) is in progress0 (0) »

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AWS: VPC Flow Logs, NAT Gateways, and Kubernetes Pods – a detailed overview
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5 May 2024

We have a relatively large spending on AWS NAT Gateway Processed Bytes, and it became interesting to know what exactly is processed through it. It would seem that everything is simple – just turn on VPC Flow Logs and see what’s what. But when it comes to AWS Elastic Kubernetes Service and NAT Gateways, things… Read More: AWS: VPC Flow Logs, NAT Gateways, and Kubernetes Pods –… »

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Kubernetes: tracing requests with AWS X-Ray, and Grafana data source
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2 March 2024

Tracing allows you to track requests between components, that is, for example, when using AWS and Kubernetes we can trace the entire path of a request from AWS Load Balancer to Kubernetes Pod and to DynamoDB or RDS. This helps us both to track performance issues – where and which requests are taking a long… Read More: Kubernetes: tracing requests with AWS X-Ray, and Grafana data source0… »

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AWS: VPC Prefix and the maximum of Pods on Kubernetes WorkerNodes
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29 February 2024

Each WorkerNode in a Kubernetes cluster can have a limited number of Pods running, and this limit is determined by three parameters: CPU: the total number of requests.cpu cannot be more than the number of CPUs on the Node Memory: the total number of requests.memory cannot be more than the Memory on the Node IP:… Read More: AWS: VPC Prefix and the maximum of Pods on Kubernetes… »

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Terraform: creating a module for collecting AWS ALB logs in Grafana Loki
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24 February 2024

An example of creating a Terraform module to automate log collection from AWS Load Balancers in Grafana Loki. See how the scheme works in the Grafana Loki: collecting AWS LoadBalancer logs from S3 with Promtail Lambda blog. In short, ALB writes logs to an S3 bucket, from where they are picked up by a Lambda… Read More: Terraform: creating a module for collecting AWS ALB logs in… »

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Grafana Loki: LogQL and Recording Rules for metrics from AWS Load Balancer logs
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24 February 2024

I didn’t plan this post at all as I thought I would do it quickly, but it didn’t work out quickly, and I need to dig a little deeper into this topic. So, what we are talking about: we have AWS Load Balancers, logs from which are collected to Grafana Loki, see. Grafana Loki: collecting… Read More: Grafana Loki: LogQL and Recording Rules for metrics from AWS… »

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