Category Archives: Networking

TCP/IP: SYN flood attack on the RTFM server, and “Hacker News hug of death”
0 (0)

2 January 2026

Got an alert from the monitoring system this morning, indicating that the blog is down: Well, I thought: another one DDoS, not the first time. Investigating the issue I went to the Cloudflare admin, enabled the Under Attack Mode, and started the investigation. Checked the requests: I think, okay, it’s simple – requests are coming… Read More »

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FreeBSD: Home NAS, part 6 – Samba server and client connections
4 (2)

28 December 2025

Continuing the setup of my home NAS on FreeBSD. Actually, a NAS is a Network System, and it’s desirable to have access to it from other devices – Linux and Windows hosts, phones, and TVs. Here we have two main options – Samba and NFS. One could also mention sshfs – but this solution is… Read More »

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FreeBSD: Home NAS, part 3 – WireGuard VPN, Linux peer, and routing
4.1 (14)

25 December 2025

I am continuing to set up my home server on FreeBSD 14.3, which is intended to serve as a NAS. In the previous post, FreeBSD: introduction to Packet Filter (PF) firewall, we got acquainted with firewalls; the next step is to configure a VPN for access. The main idea is to (finally!) connect my “office”… Read More »

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FreeBSD: Home NAS, part 2 – introduction to Packet Filter (PF) firewall
3.4 (5)

24 December 2025

I’m continuing to gradually set up my home NAS on FreeBSD, and the first thing I want to dive into is FreeBSD firewalls. I used to work with IPFW back in the day – FreeBSD: initial setup of IPFW, from 2012. Currently, there are three “built-in” firewalls in the system – Packet Filter (PF), IP… Read More »

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TCP/IP: OSI and TCP/IP models, TCP packets, Linux sockets and ports
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19 July 2025

It’s difficult to describe in one post what thousands of books have been written about in a thousand pages, but today we’ll try to quickly review the basics of how hosts communicate on a network. First, let’s talk about the OSI and TCP/IP models, then about packet structure and connection establishment, and finally, we’ll look… Read More »

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Kubernetes: 503 errors with AWS ALB possible causes and solutions
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9 July 2025

After migration to a new EKS cluster, we started getting alerts about 503 errors sometimes. The errors were happened in three cases: sometimes without any deployment, when all Pods were Running && Ready sometimes during deployment – but only on Dev, because there is only one Pod for API and sometimes during Karpenter Consolidation. Let’s… Read More »

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Kubernetes: a single AWS Load Balancer for different Kubernetes Ingresses
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21 December 2024

One day, we looked at our AWS costs on AWS Load Balancers, and understood that we needed to decrease the spends a bit. What we wanted was to have one LoadBalancer, and through it to route requests to different Kubernetes Ingresses and Services in different Namespaces. The first thing that came to mind was either… Read More »

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VictoriaLogs: a Grafana dashboard for AWS VPC Flow Logs – migrating from Grafana Loki
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7 December 2024

In the previous post – AWS: VPC Flow Logs – logs to S3 and Grafana dashboard with Loki, we created a Grafana dashboard that displays NAT Gateway traffic usage statistics. What we were interested in there was which Kubernetes Pods use the most bytes, because it directly affects our AWS Costs. And everything appears to… Read More »

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