During starting a pod we got errors “SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] Connection refused’” in two different applications – a РНР/Yii and NodeJS. In the РHР/Yii it’s coming when we are running a pre-install hook during deployment with Helm and on the MySQL Migration Job execution: Yii Migration Tool (based on Yii v2.0.38)Exception ‘yii\db\Exception’ with message ‘SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002]… Read More »
In the previous post, Istio: an overview and running Service Mesh in Kubernetes, we started Istion io AWS Elastic Kubernetes Service and got an overview of its main components. The next task is to add an AWS Application Load Balancer (ALB) before Istio Ingress Gateway because Istio Gateway Service with its default type LoadBalancer creates… Read More »
In our Deployments, we are using the NodeLocal DNS as a local DNS cache to reduce requests number to the AWS VPC DNS, see the Kubernetes: load-testing and high-load tuning – problems and solutions for details. Currently, a manifest looks like the next: … dnsPolicy: “None” dnsConfig: nameservers: – 169.254.20.10 … The problem is, that… Read More »
Istio is a Service Mesh solution that allows performing Service Discovery, Load Balancing, traffic control, canary rollouts and blue-green deployments, traffic monitoring between microservices. We will use Istio in our AWS Elastic Kubernetes Service for traffic monitoring, as an API Gateway service, for traffic policies, and for various deployment strategies. In this post, will speak… Read More »
Usually, we don’t see Endpoints objects when using Kubernetes Services, as they are working under the hood, similarly to ReplicaSets which are “hidden” behind Kubernetes Deployments. Kubernetes Service So, Service is a Kubernetes abstraction that uses labels to chose pods to route traffic to, see the Kubernetes: ClusterIP vs NodePort vs LoadBalancer, Services, and Ingress… Read More »
We’d like to have the ability to add a DNS-record on the AWS Route53 when a Kubernetes Ingress resource is deployed and point this record to the URL of an AWS Load Balancer which is created by the ALB Ingress controller. To achieve this, the ExternalDNS can be used which will make API-requests to the… Read More »
One day I wondered – how is load balancing between pods is working in Kubernetes? I.e. – we have an external Load Balancer. Then a Service. And behind it – Pods. What happens when we are receiving a network packet from the world, and we have a few pods – how the traffic will be… Read More »
Actually, this post was planned as a short note about using NodeAffinity for Kubernetes Pod: But then, as often happens, after starting writing about one thing, I faced another, and then another one, and as a result – I made this long-read post about Kubernetes load-testing. So, I’ve started about NodeAffinity, but then wondered how… Read More »
For network communications, Kubernetes presents four Service types – ClusterIP (the default one), NodePort, LoadBalancer, and ExternalName, plus the Ingress resources. In this post, we will take a short overview of all of them, and will check how they are working. The documentation is available here – Publishing Services (ServiceTypes). I’m using AWS Elastic Kubernetes… Read More »
We have a Redis service running behind a Service with the ClusterIP type. This Redis must accessible by pods from the same namespace (a Gorush service). The problem is that those pod can’t connect to the Redis service using its gorush-server-redis-svc:6379 name and reporting “Can’t connect redis server: connection refused“: [simterm] $ kk -n gorush-test… Read More »