Category Archives: Databases

A NoSQL database provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases.
A relational database management system is a database management system based on the relational model of data.

VictoriaMetrics: Churn Rate, High cardinality, metrics, and IndexDB
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3 November 2025

One day I received one of the default VictoriaMetrics alerts that are generated during the deployment of the Helm chart victoria-metrics-k8s-stack: I thought about writing a short post like “What is Churn Rate and how to fix it,” but in the end, I ended up diving deep into how VictoriaMetrics works with data in general… Read More »

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AWS: Monitoring AWS OpenSearch Service cluster with CloudWatch
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1 November 2025

Let’s continue our journey with AWS OpenSearch Service. What we have is a small AWS OpenSearch Service cluster with three data nodes, used as a vector store for AWS Bedrock Knowledge Bases. Previous parts: AWS: Introduction to OpenSearch Service as a vector store AWS: Creating an OpenSearch Service cluster and configuring authentication and authorization Terraform:… Read More »

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Terraform: creating an AWS OpenSearch Service cluster and users
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18 September 2025

In the first part, we covered the basics of AWS OpenSearch Service in general and the types of instances for Data Nodes – AWS: Getting Started with OpenSearch Service as a Vector Store. In the second part, we covered access, AWS: Creating an OpenSearch Service Cluster and Configuring Authentication and Authorization. Now let’s write Terraform… Read More »

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AWS: introduction to the OpenSearch Service as a vector store
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15 September 2025

We are currently using AWS OpenSearch Service as a vector store for our RAG with AWS Bedrock Knowledge Base. We will talk more about RAG and Bedrock another time, but today let’s take a look at AWS OpenSearch Service. The task is to migrate our AWS OpenSearch Service Serverless to Managed, primarily due to (surprise)… Read More »

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AWS: creating an OpenSearch Service cluster and configuring authentication and authorization
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15 September 2025

In the previous part, AWS: Getting Started with OpenSearch Service as a Vector Store, we looked at AWS OpenSearch Service in general, figured out how data is organized in it, what shards and nodes are, and what types of instances we actually need for data nodes. The next step is to create a cluster and… Read More »

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PostgreSQL: using EXPLAIN and setting up “auto_explain” in AWS RDS
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12 February 2025

I have already mentioned the EXPLAIN feature in the PostgreSQL: AWS RDS Performance and monitoring blog post, but this is such an interesting and useful thing that it’s worth talking about it separately. In addition, AWS RDS for PostgreSQL has the ability to enable Execution Plans logging with EXPLAIN, which is also useful for monitoring… Read More »

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PostgreSQL: AWS RDS Performance and monitoring
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10 February 2025

We are migrating our Backend API from DynamoDB to AWS RDS PostgreSQL, and several times RDS crashed. Actually, given that we took db.t3.small with two vCPUs and two gigabytes of memory to save money, it was quite expected, but I wondered why everything was crashing. A few days later, I started to debug the issue,… Read More »

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AWS: RDS IAM database authentication, EKS Pod Identities, and Terraform
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7 July 2024

We’re preparing to migrate our Backend API database from DynamoDB to AWS RDS with PostgreSQL, and finally decided to try out AWS RDS IAM database authentication, which appeared in 2021. IAM database authentication, as the name implies, allows us to authenticate to RDS using AWS IAM instead of the login-password from the database server itself.… Read More »

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Apache Druid: PostgreSQL as Metadata storage, and replace ZooKeeper with Kubernetes Extensions
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5 October 2022

We continue with a series of posts about Apache Druid. In the first part, we took a look at the Apache Druid itself – its architecture and monitoring, in the second part – we ran a PostgreSQL cluster and set up its monitoring. Next tasks: switch Druid to PostgreSQL as metadata storage instead of Apache Derby get… Read More »

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PostgreSQL: PostgreSQL Operator for Kubernetes, and its Prometheus monitoring
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23 September 2022

So, we’ve launched Druid, see Apache Druid: Overview, Running in Kubernetes, and Monitoring with Prometheus . So far, a local Apache Derby database is used as the default storage for metadata . Next, we will switch Druid to PostgreSQL, and later we will remove ZooKeeper from the cluster setup. To begin with, let’s start a PostgreSQL cluster in Kubernetes, add… Read More »

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